This is the first book to provide a comprehensive survey of the history of the Jews in the Mediterranean Diaspora in the Hellenistic and early Roman period. Uniquely, it combines a study of all the important Jewish communities with a thorough examination of the Diaspora literature as a whole. Paul, for example, appears in new light as a Diaspora author in a wider Diaspora context. John Barclay begins by examining the literature and history of the Jews in Egypt, including close analysis of the writings of, for example, Aristeas Artapanus, Aristobulus and Philo. He moves on to the history of the Jewish communities in Cyrenaica, Syria, the province of Asia and the city of Rome, together with the works of Josephus and Paul. Methodologically, a feature of this book is the distinction drawn between assimilation, acculturation and accommodation, categories refined in modern sociological and anthropological studies of minority communities. John Barclay applies them here to illuminate the diversities on reactions among Diaspora Jews to their social and cultural environments. Dr. Barclay provides many new insights in a work of considerable depth and range. His work will be an important reference for all scholars and students with an interest in Second Temple Judaism, Hellenistic Judaism and early Christianity.